Effective Conversations Follow the Cooperative Principles

The cooperative principle states that conversations will be satisfying when the contributions made by the conversationalists are in the line of the purpose of the conversation (Grice,1975,pp.44-46). Based on this principle, H.Paul Grice describes the following four conversational maxims (requirements):

Quality maxim-requirement to provide information which is truthful Quantity maxim- requirement of the sufficient amount of necessary information, not too much and not too less. Relevancy maxim-requirement to provide information that is relevant to the topic being discussed, Manner Maxim-requirement to be specific and organized when communicating thoughts, Morality maxim- requirement to speak in ways that meet ethical/moral guidelines, Politeness maxim- requirement to be courteous to other participants.

Presentations “Almost anyone can become an excellent speaker”

For a success at speaking, following “3Ps” is must: Prepare carefully : Practice often : Perform with enthusiasm: Guidelines for Preparation and Delivery: Know your listeners, Prepare three stages of presentation: beginning, middle, and end, Stick to a few main points, Put your outlines on cards, paper, or overhead, Practice, practice, practice, Speak vigorously and deliberately, Avoid filler words, Use rhetorical questions, Maintain eye contact, Use appropriate gestures and postures, Guidelines for Presenting Graphics, Discover listeners preference, Think about graphics early, Keep the message simple, Many any wording brief and visible, Use colors carefully, Leave graphics up long enough, Avoid handouts, Maintain eye contact while using graphics Include all graphics in your practice session.